abstract：BACKGROUND:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and severe psychiatric illness that affects 1-3% of the population and presents a well-established co-morbidity with major depressive disorder (MDD). Twin and family studies have suggested a genetic component in the etiology of OCD, although the mode of inherit...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Karayiorgou M,Sobin C,Blundell ML,Galke BL,Malinova L,Goldberg P,Ott J,Gogos JA

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Affective disorders are associated with prominent psychomotor abnormalities that may be related to changes in arousal or motivation due to altered catecholamine function. METHODS:We investigated relationships between performance on psychomotor tests of motor speed (reaction time and tapping speed) and visua...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Swann AC,Katz MM,Bowden CL,Berman NG,Stokes PE

更新日期：1999-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Various abnormalities of thyroid function have been inconsistently reported in major depression. The inconsistency between studies may be due to several factors including the stage of treatment resistance. METHODS:One hundred and one patients with major depressive disorder receiving their first antidepressa...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Joffe RT

更新日期：1999-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently, it has been reported that serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), but not soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), concentrations were significantly higher in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than in normal volunteers, and that psychological stress in humans is associated with increased secr...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Maes M,Lin AH,Delmeire L,Van Gastel A,Kenis G,De Jongh R,Bosmans E

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A broad definition of sensory gating refers to the ability of the brain to modulate its sensitivity to incoming sensory stimuli. This definition allows the concept of gating to include both the capacities to minimize or stop responding to incoming irrelevant stimuli (gating out) and to respond when a novel stimulus is...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Boutros NN,Belger A

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Some retroviral antigens share structural homology within a group of related retroviruses. It is possible that antibodies directed against one virus may cross-react with antigens from a different virus in the group. METHODS:Using this principle, the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) Western blot assay ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Hart DJ,Heath RG,Sautter FJ Jr,Schwartz BD,Garry RF,Choi B,Beilke MA,Hart LK

更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Since low serum iron has been reported in a variety of neuropsychiatric motor disorders, this study was conducted to examine serum iron in patients with a catatonic disorder. METHODS:Forty catatonic and 40 noncatatonic psychotic patients were studied in relation to serum iron levels. The association of seru...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Peralta V,Cuesta MJ,Mata I,Serrano JF,Perez-Nievas F,Natividad MC

更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Variations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the monoamine metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, and homovanillic acid have been associated with behavioral abnormalities in nonhuman primates, and with psychopathology in studies of children and adults. METHODS:We assay...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Constantino JN,Murphy DL,Morris JA

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is growing evidence that the dysregulation of circadian rhythms may play an important role in irregular sleep-waking in demented elderly. In this study, we investigated daily variation of the pineal hormone melatonin, which has been reported to possess hypnogenic and synchronizing effects, in patients ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Mishima K,Tozawa T,Satoh K,Matsumoto Y,Hishikawa Y,Okawa M

更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite a prominent malnourished state, anorexics are unexpectedly free from infection. Several studies have shown that the cell-mediated immunity of anorexics might be well preserved, but results are conflicting. METHODS:Lymphocyte subsets, lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin, and soluble in...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Nagata T,Kiriike N,Tobitani W,Kawarada Y,Matsunaga H,Yamagami S

更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of the present study was to describe the distribution of regional cerebral blood flow during the hypnotic state (HS) in humans, using positron-emission tomography (PET) and statistical parametric mapping. METHODS:The hypnotic state relied on revivification of pleasant autobiographical memories and w...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Maquet P,Faymonville ME,Degueldre C,Delfiore G,Franck G,Luxen A,Lamy M

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Inositol has been reported to be an effective treatment in depression, and we hypothesized that inositol addition might enhance or speed up response to serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). METHODS:Twenty-seven depressed patients completed a double-blind controlled 4-week trial of SSRI plus placeb...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Levine J,Mishori A,Susnosky M,Martin M,Belmaker RH

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Effects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis on central dopaminergic systems have been proposed to underlie the development of psychotic symptoms in depression. This study examined HPA axis hormone effects on plasma levels of homovanillic acid (HVA), the dopamine metabolite, in healthy volunteers...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Posener JA,Schatzberg AF,Williams GH,Samson JA,McHale NL,Bessette MP,Schildkraut JJ

更新日期：1999-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Since bipolar disorder is inherently a longitudinal illness characterized by recurrence and cycling of mood episodes, neurobiological theories involving kindlinglike phenomena appear to possess a certain explanatory power. An approach to understanding kindlinglike phenomena at the molecular level has been made possibl...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Ghaemi SN,Boiman EE,Goodwin FK

更新日期：1999-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To study the influences of drug type and gender on the neuroendocrine response to neuroleptic treatment, we compared the endocrine actions of two neuroleptics with different receptor affinity profiles--a substituted benzamide, amisulpride, a selective D2-like dopamine antagonist; and a thioxanthene, flupenth...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Gründer G,Wetzel H,Schlösser R,Anghelescu I,Hillert A,Lange K,Hiemke C,Benkert O

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is recognition that the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia have the most substantial impact on illness outcome. Domains of cognition reported to be significantly affected include serial learning, executive function, vigilance, and distractibility, to name a few. Dopamine activity at D1 receptors mediates many c...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Friedman JI,Temporini H,Davis KL

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Social phobia (or "social anxiety disorder") is a prevalent condition that has been the subject of increased scrutiny in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to review the neurobiology of social phobia. It is apparent from the extant literature that this disorder is poorly understood from a neurobiological persp...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Stein MB

更新日期：1998-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Considering that platelets have been established to be good peripheral markers for the study of catecholaminergic neurons, we have applied an assay to measure the uptake of (3H)-dopamine (DA) into platelet storage granules (PSG). Recently, we reported that Tourette's syndrome (TS) patients (pts) show decreas...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Rabey JM,Amir I,Treves TA,Oberman Z,Korczyn AD

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Spectral analysis of heart rate variability has recently been shown to be a reliable noninvasive test for quantitative assessment of cardiovascular autonomic regulatory responses, providing a dynamic map of sympathetic and parasympathetic interaction. In a prior study exploring the state of hyperarousal char...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Cohen H,Kotler M,Matar MA,Kaplan Z,Loewenthal U,Miodownik H,Cassuto Y

更新日期：1998-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study has two goals: 1) to establish a generalizable model of the symptoms observed in outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD); and 2) to compare symptom coverage of the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician-Rated (IDS-C) and Self-Report (IDS-SR) to that of the Hamilton Depression R...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Gullion CM,Rush AJ

更新日期：1998-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a critical enzyme in deamination of biogenic amines and may be involved in the pathophysiology of major psychosis, including mood disorder and schizophrenia. Recently, evidence for genetic association between the MAO-A gene and bipolar mood disorder was obtained in Caucasians. MET...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Sasaki T,Hattori M,Sakai T,Kato T,Kunugi H,Hirose T,Nanko S

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in the control of eating behavior and body weight. Stimulants of this monoamine reduce food intake and weight gain and increase energy expenditure, both in animals and in humans. This article reviews evidence that supports a role for hypothalamic serotonergic receptor mechanisms in...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Leibowitz SF,Alexander JT

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Prior neurophysiological studies on patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have revealed sleep electroencephalographic alterations in both cycle phases. We report on a study evaluating saccadic eye movements in PMS patients. METHODS:Saccadic eye movements were examined in 21 women with and 21 women witho...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Sundström I,Bäckström T

更新日期：1998-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Striatal enlargement with chronic neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenic patients has been reported by several investigators. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies of patients suggest that changes in striatal volume may be caused by treatment with antipsychotic medication. METHODS:We have examined...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Chakos MH,Shirakawa O,Lieberman J,Lee H,Bilder R,Tamminga CA

更新日期：1998-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent reports suggest that gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreases with coffee intake. The aim of this study was to examine the joint influence of alcohol, tobacco, cotinine, coffee, and caffeine on biological markers of heavy drinking in an alcoholic population. METHODS:Subjects were 160 alcohol-depend...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Aubin HJ,Laureaux C,Zerah F,Tilikete S,Vernier F,Vallat B,Barrucand D

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Major depressive disorder (MDD) in the adolescent demonstrates a unique clinical profile, and pathogenic serotonergic dysregulation is hypothesized. Parenteral clomipramine (CMI) is known to distinguish adult MDD from control, but neurochallenge data are lacking in adolescent MDD. METHODS:Thirteen drug-free...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Sallee FR,Vrindavanam NS,Deas-Nesmith D,Odom AM,Carson SW,Sethuraman G

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphisms are associated with various pharmacologic activities. This study investigated whether polymorphisms of 48-bp tandem repeats in the exon 3 of the DRD4 gene are related to neuroleptic response. METHODS:The neuroleptic response at the acute stage of schizophrenia ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Hwu HG,Hong CJ,Lee YL,Lee PC,Lee SF

更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Investigators have reported lack of normal asymmetry of lateralization in some schizophrenic patients, as measured postmortem and by preference and/or performance. It has been suggested that this lack of asymmetry is related to early onset of schizophrenia. The present study extends the inquiry by magnetic r...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Maher BA,Manschreck TC,Yurgelun-Todd DA,Tsuang MT

更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A number of studies have shown that the serotonin receptor agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) can exacerbate symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of the present study was to study the effect of this compound on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients and cont...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Ho Pian KL,Westenberg HG,den Boer JA,de Bruin WI,van Rijk PP

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A facial discrimination task was adapted to be used in an event-related potential (ERP) paradigm in order to evaluate whether young women's brain responses to affective stimuli differed from those of young men. METHODS:The stimuli used to generate a late positive component of the ERP, designated the "P450,"...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Orozco S,Ehlers CL

更新日期：1998-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin (5-HT) is an important regulator of morphogenetic activities during early central nervous system development, including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) plays a pivotal role in brain 5-HT homeostasis. It is also the initial target for both antidepressant drugs ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Lesch KP,Mössner R

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies have suggested that there may be a preferential decrease of "nonpyramidal" neurons (NPs) in several corticolimbic regions of schizophrenic (SZ) brain. The current study was undertaken to determine whether a change in the density of pyramidal neurons (PNs) and NPs might be present in the hippoc...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Benes FM,Kwok EW,Vincent SL,Todtenkopf MS

更新日期：1998-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To test the hypothesis that depression is associated with an increased ratio of cholinergic to serotonergic neurotransmission, we compared the effects of pilocarpine, a muscarinic agonist, and ipsapirone, a serotonin (5-HT)1A agonist, on electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep in depressed and healthy subjects. ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Seifritz E,Gillin JC,Rapaport MH,Kelsoe JR,Bhatti T,Stahl SM

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several studies have found that alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) can effectively treat tardive dyskinesia (TD). A limitation of these trials is their short treatment durations (maximum of 12 weeks), which do not allow us to address the effects of long-term treatment. METHODS:To participate, patients had to have...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Adler LA,Edson R,Lavori P,Peselow E,Duncan E,Rosenthal M,Rotrosen J

更新日期：1998-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Regional brain perfusion in patients during alcohol-withdrawal has been relatively less studied with brain SPECT technique. In this study, the hypothesis that possible regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) alterations due to alcohol withdrawal might be transitory in a homogenous group of alcoholic patients in ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Tutus A,Kuğu N,Sofuoğlu S,Nardali M,Simşek A,Karaaslan F,Gönül AS

更新日期：1998-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, ketamine, produces a clinical syndrome of thought disorder, perceptual distortion, and cognitive impairment. METHODS:We have administered ketamine to healthy volunteers to characterize the formal thought disorder and specific memory dysfunction associated with k...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Adler CM,Goldberg TE,Malhotra AK,Pickar D,Breier A

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In a Swedish study, delinquent boys had high serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3). Furthermore, former delinquents, followed up after about 30 years, had T3 levels significantly related to repeated criminality. The aim of the present study was to shed further light on the relationship between the thyroid ho...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Stålenheim EG,von Knorring L,Wide L

更新日期：1998-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is evidence that dysfunction within associative frontostriatal circuits represents a feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous neuropsychologic studies have yielded diverging results, which may in part be explained by differences in the selection of subjects and methods. The present stud...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Schmidtke K,Schorb A,Winkelmann G,Hohagen F

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A novel gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC 157, has been shown to attenuate different lesions (i.e., gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, somatosensory neurons). This suggests an interaction with the dopamine system. When used alone, BPC 157 does not affect gross behavior or induce stereotypy. METHODS:We fir...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Jelovac N,Sikirić P,Rucman R,Petek M,Perović D,Konjevoda P,Marović A,Seiwerth S,Grabarević Z,Sumajstorcić J,Dodig G,Perić J

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Clinical and animal studies suggest that brain serotonergic systems may regulate aggressive behavior; however, the serotonin/violence hypothesis has not been assessed at the epidemiological level. For study of an epidemiological sample we examined blood serotonin, because certain physiological and behavioral...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Moffitt TE,Brammer GL,Caspi A,Fawcett JP,Raleigh M,Yuwiler A,Silva P

更新日期：1998-03-15 00:00:00